The first principle

of the stroke is that a perfect circle is made, as in diagram 7. The two forces of centrifugal force (Enshin-ryoku) and centripetal force (Kyushin-ryoku) play a great part in our handling and control of the Shinai. It will be noted that if the Shinai revolves an inch or so from the hilt end the motion/force/speed ratio increases to approximately x24 at the tip. It is therefore a great advantage to turn from one end and strike with the other. The Shinai is divided into three sections on the blade the Dage-kibu (striking base) above the leather Musubi, or thong, the Chu O (centre section) and the Tsuba-moto (guard base). As a general rule blows are struck with the Dage-kibu and the opponent's blade controlled or taken off along the Tsuba-moto which